1. Basic ndondomeko otaya
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu za labala, koma kupanga ndi chimodzimodzi.Njira zoyambira zopangira mphira wokhala ndi mphira wokhazikika-yaiwisi monga zopangira zikuphatikizapo njira zisanu ndi imodzi: plasticizing, kusakaniza, calendering, extrusion, akamaumba ndi vulcanization.Zachidziwikire, njira zoyambira monga kukonzekera zopangira, kumaliza kwazinthu, kuyang'anira ndi kuyika ndizofunikanso.Ukadaulo processing wa mphira makamaka kuthetsa kutsutsana pakati plasticity ndi katundu zotanuka.Kupyolera mu njira zosiyanasiyana zaumisiri, mphira wotanuka amasandulika kukhala mphira wothira pulasitiki, ndiyeno zinthu zosiyanasiyana zophatikizika zimawonjezeredwa kuti zipange zinthu zomwe zatha, ndiye kuti pulasitiki yomalizidwa pang'onopang'ono imasinthidwa kukhala zinthu za mphira zokhala ndi elasticity yayikulu komanso zabwino zakuthupi komanso zamakina. katundu kudzera vulcanization.
2. Kukonzekera zakuthupi
Zopangira zazikulu zopangira mphira ndi rabara yaiwisi monga zida zoyambira, ndipo mphira wosaphika amasonkhanitsidwa ndikudula makungwa amitengo ya mphira yomwe imamera kumadera otentha ndi madera otentha.
Zophatikizira zosiyanasiyana ndi zida zothandizira zomwe zimawonjezedwa kuti ziwongolere zinthu zina zamagulu a rabara.
Zipangizo za fiber (thonje, hemp, ubweya ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, ulusi wopangidwa ndi zitsulo, mawaya achitsulo) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za mafupa a zinthu za mphira kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamakina ndikuchepetsa kusinthika kwazinthu.Pokonzekera zopangira, zosakanizazo ziyenera kuyezedwa molondola malinga ndi ndondomekoyi.Kuti mphira yaiwisi ndi mankhwala ophatikizira azisakanizidwa mosiyanasiyana, zinthuzo ziyenera kukonzedwa.Rabara yaiwisi iyenera kufewetsedwa m'chipinda chowumitsira pa 60-70 ℃, ndiyeno kudula ndikuthyoledwa muzidutswa tating'ono.The compounding agent ndi lumpy.Monga parafini, stearic acid, rosin, etc. kuti aphwanyidwe.Ngati ufawo uli ndi zonyansa zamakina kapena tinthu tambirimbiri, tifunika kuunika kuti tichotse zamadzimadzi monga pine tar ndi coumarone, zomwe zimafunika kutenthedwa, kusungunuka, kusungunuka, ndi kusefedwa.Mapangidwe a thovu panthawi ya vulcanization amakhudza khalidwe lazogulitsa.
3. Plasticizing
Raba yaiwisi ndi zotanuka ndipo ilibe pulasitiki yofunikira pakukonza, kotero sikophweka kukonza.Kuti apititse patsogolo pulasitiki yake, m'pofunika kuti masticate yaiwisi ya rabara, kotero kuti wothandizila akhoza kukhala mosavuta ndi uniformly omwazikana mu mphira yaiwisi pa kusakaniza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zimathandizanso kuti permeability wa permeability. mphira ndikulowa munsalu ya fiber panthawi ya calendering ndi kupanga.ndi kuumba fluidity.Njira yowononga mamolekyu aatali a mphira yaiwisi kuti apange pulasitiki amatchedwa mastication.Pali njira ziwiri zopangira mphira yaiwisi: makina apulasitiki ndi matenthedwe apulasitiki.Mechanical mastication ndi njira yomwe mamolekyu a rabara aatali amawonongeka ndikufupikitsidwa kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba kupita ku pulasitiki ndi kutulutsa kwamakina ndi kukangana kwa plasticizer pa kutentha kochepa.Kuyika pulasitiki yotentha ndikudutsa mpweya wotenthedwa mu rabara yaiwisi pansi pa kutentha ndi mpweya kuti uwononge mamolekyu aatali ndikuwafupikitsa kuti apeze pulasitiki.
4.Kusakaniza
Kuti mugwirizane ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsiridwa ntchito, pezani katundu wosiyanasiyana, komanso kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito a mphira ndikuchepetsa mtengo, othandizira osiyanasiyana amayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku rabala yaiwisi.Kusakaniza ndi njira yomwe mphira yaiwisi ya masticated imasakanizidwa ndi mankhwala ophatikizira, ndipo wothandizirayo amabalalika kwathunthu ndi mofanana mu mphira yaiwisi ndi makina osakaniza mu makina osakaniza mphira.Kusakaniza ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu za rabara.Ngati kusakaniza sikuli yunifolomu, zotsatira za mphira ndi zowonjezera sizingathe kuchitidwa mokwanira, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya mankhwala.Zida za mphira zomwe zimapezeka pambuyo posakaniza zimatchedwa mphira wosakanikirana.Ndizinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mphira, zomwe zimadziwika kuti mphira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa ngati chinthu.Ogula amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za rabara kuti azikonza mwachindunji, kuzipanga ndikuzipangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira..Malinga ndi ma formulations osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu ingapo yamagiredi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungasankhe.
5.Kupanga
Popanga zinthu za mphira, njira yopangira mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi ma calender kapena extruders imatchedwa kuumba.
6.Vulcanization
Njira yosinthira mphira wapulasitiki kukhala mphira zotanuka amatchedwa vulcanization.Ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa vulcanizing wothandizila monga sulfure, vulcanization accelerator, etc. The liniya mamolekyulu a mphira yaiwisi ndi mtanda olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mzake kupanga timagulu ting'onoting'ono maukonde dongosolo mwa mapangidwe "sulfure milatho", kotero kuti mphira pulasitiki pawiri kukhala zotanuka kwambiri vulcanizate.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-29-2022
