Kupanga
Kumangira mphira wodzigudubuza makamaka kumamatira mphira mphira pachimake zitsulo, kuphatikizapo njira kukulunga, njira extrusion, akamaumba njira, jekeseni kuthamanga njira ndi jekeseni njira.Pakali pano, zinthu zazikulu zapakhomo ndi makina kapena manual pasting ndi akamaumba, ndipo mayiko ambiri akunja anazindikira makina zochita zokha.Zodzigudubuza zazikulu ndi zazikuluzikulu za mphira zimapangidwa ndi profiling extrusion, mosalekeza pasting akamaumba ndi extruded filimu kapena mosalekeza mapiringidzo akamaumba ndi extruding tepi.Nthawi yomweyo, pakuumba, mawonekedwe, miyeso ndi mawonekedwe amangoyang'aniridwa ndi makina ang'onoang'ono, ndipo ena amathanso kupangidwa ndi njira ya extruder yokhala ndi mbali yakumanja komanso mawonekedwe apadera.
Tatchulazi akamaumba njira sangathe kuchepetsa ntchito kwambiri, komanso kuthetsa thovu zotheka.Pofuna kupewa chodzigudubuza cha mphira kuti chisawonongeke panthawi ya vulcanization komanso kuteteza kubadwa kwa thovu ndi masiponji, makamaka kwa wodzigudubuza wa rabara wopangidwa ndi njira yokulunga, njira yosinthira kupanikizika iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja.Kawirikawiri, pamwamba pa mphira wodzigudubuza amakulungidwa ndikuvulazidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za nsalu za thonje kapena nsalu ya nayiloni, ndiyeno amakhazikika ndi kukakamizidwa ndi waya wachitsulo kapena chingwe cha fiber.Ngakhale njirayi idapangidwa kale, chovalacho chiyenera kuchotsedwa pambuyo pavulcanization kuti apange njira ya "cecal", yomwe imasokoneza kupanga.Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zomangira ndi zingwe zomangira ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo kumwa kumakhala kwakukulu.kuwononga.
Kwa odzigudubuza ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono a rabara, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga patching pamanja, nesting extrusion, kuthamanga kwa jekeseni, jekeseni ndi kuthira.Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga, njira zambiri zowumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano, ndipo kulondola kwake ndikwambiri kuposa njira yosawumba.Kuthamanga kwa jekeseni, jekeseni wa mphira wolimba ndi kuthira mphira wamadzimadzi zakhala njira zofunika kwambiri zopangira.
Vulcanization
Pakali pano, njira vulcanization lalikulu ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe mphira odzigudubuza akadali vulcanization thanki vulcanization.Ngakhale kuti njira yosinthira kupanikizika yasinthidwa, sikumachokabe ku ntchito yolemetsa yonyamula katundu, kukweza ndi kutsitsa.Gwero la kutentha kwa vulcanization lili ndi njira zitatu zotenthetsera: nthunzi, mpweya wotentha ndi madzi otentha, ndipo chokulirapo chikadali nthunzi.Zodzigudubuza za mphira zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira zapadera chifukwa chokhudzana ndi chitsulo chachitsulo ndi nthunzi yamadzi zimatengera vulcanization ya nthunzi yosalunjika, ndipo nthawiyo idzatalikitsidwa ndi 1 mpaka 2.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphira zodzigudubuza zokhala ndi zitsulo zopanda kanthu.Kwa odzigudubuza apadera a rabara omwe sangathe kutenthedwa ndi thanki yowonongeka, madzi otentha nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa vulcanization, koma chithandizo cha kuipitsa madzi chiyenera kuthetsedwa.
Pofuna kupewa mphira ndi chitsulo chapakati kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha kusiyana kosiyana kwa kusiyana kwa kutentha kwapakati pakati pa mphira wodzigudubuza ndi mphira wa rabara, vulcanization nthawi zambiri imatenga njira yowotchera pang'onopang'ono komanso yowonjezera mphamvu, ndipo nthawi ya vulcanization imakhala yambiri. yaitali kuposa nthawi yowonongeka yomwe imafunidwa ndi mphira wokha..Kuti tikwaniritse vulcanization yunifolomu mkati ndi kunja, ndi kupanga matenthedwe madutsidwe wa chitsulo pachimake ndi mphira ofanana, lalikulu labala wodzigudubuza amakhala mu thanki kwa maola 24 mpaka 48, amene ali pafupifupi 30 mpaka 50 nthawi yachibadwa mphira vulcanization nthawi. .
Ma roller ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono a rabara tsopano amasandulika kukhala ma vulcanizing atolankhani akuumba vulcanization, kusinthiratu njira yachikhalidwe ya vulcanization ya zodzigudubuza za mphira.M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makina opangira jekeseni akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito poika nkhungu ndi vacuum vulcanization, ndipo nkhungu zimatha kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa zokha.Mlingo wamakina ndi makina asintha kwambiri, ndipo nthawi ya vulcanization ndi yaifupi, kupanga bwino ndikwambiri, ndipo mtundu wazinthu ndi wabwino.Makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mphira jakisoni akamaumba vulcanizing makina, njira ziwiri akamaumba ndi vulcanization pamodzi, ndipo nthawi akhoza kufupikitsidwa kwa mphindi 2 mpaka 4, amene wakhala malangizo ofunika kwa chitukuko cha kupanga mphira wodzigudubuza.
Pakalipano, mphira wamadzimadzi woimiridwa ndi polyurethane elastomer (PUR) wakula mofulumira popanga zodzigudubuza za mphira, ndipo watsegula njira yatsopano yosinthira zinthu ndi ndondomeko.Iwo utenga kutsanulira mawonekedwe kuchotsa zovuta akamaumba ntchito ndi bulky vulcanization zida, kwambiri wosalira njira kupanga odzigudubuza mphira.Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndiloti nkhungu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kwa odzigudubuza akuluakulu a mphira, makamaka pazinthu zamtundu uliwonse, mtengo wopangira umakwera kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta kwambiri pakukweza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kuti athetse vutoli, njira yatsopano yopangira mphira ya PUR yopanda nkhungu yawonekera m'zaka zaposachedwa.Amagwiritsa ntchito polyoxypropylene ether polyol (TDIOL), polytetrahydrofuran ether polyol (PIMG) ndi diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDl) monga zipangizo.Amachita mwachangu akasakaniza ndi kusonkhezera, ndipo amatsanuliridwa mochulukira pakatikati pachitsulo chozungulira cha rabara., Imazindikirika pang'onopang'ono pamene ikutsanulira ndi kuchiritsa, ndipo potsirizira pake wodzigudubuza mphira amapangidwa.Njirayi siifupikitsa, yokwera pamakina ndi makina, komanso imathetsa kufunikira kwa nkhungu zazikulu.Itha kupanga zodzigudubuza za mphira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe pakufuna, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo.Yakhala gawo lalikulu lachitukuko cha ma roller a rabara a PUR.
Kuphatikiza apo, zodzigudubuza zopangira mphira zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamaofesi okhala ndi mphira wamadzimadzi a silicone nawonso akukula mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi.Iwo amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kutentha machiritso (LTV) ndi kutentha kwa chipinda (RTV).Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyananso ndi PUR pamwambapa, kupanga mtundu wina wa mawonekedwe oponyera.Apa, nkhani yovuta kwambiri ndi momwe mungayang'anire ndi kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa mphira wa rabara kuti athe kukhalabe ndi kuthamanga kwina ndi kuthamanga kwa extrusion.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-07-2021
