Rabala ndi mtundu wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi polima zotanuka kwambiri, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yaing'ono yakunja, zimatha kuwonetsa kufooka kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu yakunja ikachotsedwa, imatha kubwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira. Chifukwa cha kulimba kwa rabala, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka, kuteteza kugwedezeka, kutseka mwamphamvu, ndi zina zotero. Ntchito mumakampani osindikizira imaphatikizapo ma roller osiyanasiyana a rabala ndi mabulangeti osindikizira. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa makampani opanga rabala, zinthu zopangidwa ndi rabala zapangidwa kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kokha kwa rabala yachilengedwe mpaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rabala zopangidwa.
1. Rabala yachilengedwe
Rabala yachilengedwe imayang'aniridwa ndi ma hydrocarbon a rabala (polyisoprene), omwe ali ndi mapuloteni ochepa, madzi, ma resin acid, shuga ndi mchere wosapangidwa. Rabala yachilengedwe imakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, mphamvu yolimba kwambiri, kukana misozi ndi kutchinjiriza magetsi, kukana kuvala bwino komanso kukana chilala, kusinthasintha bwino, rabala yachilengedwe ndi yosavuta kugwirizana ndi zinthu zina, ndipo magwiridwe ake onse ndi abwino kuposa rabala yazinthu zambiri zopangidwa. Zofooka za rabala yachilengedwe ndi kukana mpweya ndi ozoni, kukalamba mosavuta ndi kuwonongeka; kukana mafuta ndi zosungunulira, kukana asidi ndi alkali pang'ono, kukana dzimbiri pang'ono; kukana kutentha pang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa rabala yachilengedwe: pafupifupi -60℃~+80℃Rabala yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matayala, nsapato za rabala, mapayipi, matepi, zigawo zotetezera kutentha ndi zikopa za mawaya ndi zingwe, ndi zinthu zina wamba. Rabala yachilengedwe ndi yoyenera kwambiri popanga zochotsa kugwedezeka kwa torsional, zoyamwitsa injini, zothandizira makina, zinthu zoyimitsira rabala ndi zitsulo, ma diaphragm, ndi zinthu zowumbidwa.
2. SBR
SBR ndi copolymer ya butadiene ndi styrene. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka mphira wa styrene-butadiene kali pafupi ndi ka mphira wachilengedwe, ndipo pakadali pano ndi komwe kumapanga mphira wopangidwa kwambiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zambiri. Makhalidwe a mphira wa styrene-butadiene ndi akuti kukana kwake kutha, kukana kukalamba komanso kukana kutentha kumaposa mphira wachilengedwe, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi mphira wachilengedwe. Zoyipa za mphira wa styrene-butadiene ndi izi: kulimba pang'ono, kukana kusinthasintha bwino komanso kukana kung'ambika; magwiridwe antchito osagwira bwino ntchito, makamaka kudzimamatira pang'ono komanso mphamvu yochepa ya mphira wobiriwira. Kutentha kwa mphira wa styrene-butadiene: pafupifupi -50℃~+100℃Mphira wa styrene butadiene umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo mwa mphira wachilengedwe popanga matayala, mapepala a rabara, mapaipi, nsapato za rabara ndi zinthu zina wamba.
3. Rabala ya Nitrile
Rabala ya Nitrile ndi copolymer ya butadiene ndi acrylonitrile. Rabala ya Nitrile imadziwika ndi kukana kwake bwino kwambiri ku mafuta a petulo ndi aliphatic hydrocarbon, yachiwiri pambuyo pa rabala ya polysulfide, acrylic ester ndi fluorine, pomwe rabala ya nitrile ndi yabwino kuposa rabala zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba. Kukana kutentha bwino, kulimba bwino kwa mpweya, kukana kukalamba ndi kukana madzi, komanso kumamatira mwamphamvu. Zoyipa za rabala ya nitrile ndi kukana kuzizira bwino komanso kukana ozone, mphamvu yochepa komanso kusinthasintha, kukana asidi pang'ono, kukana kwamagetsi koyipa, komanso kukana kwa solvents ya polar. Kutentha kwa rabala ya nitrile: pafupifupi -30℃~+100℃Rabala ya nitrile imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosagwira mafuta, monga mapaipi, zinthu zotsekera, ma roller a rabala, ndi zina zotero.
4. Rabala ya nitrile yosungunuka ndi hydrogenated
Mphira wa nitrile wopangidwa ndi hydrogen ndi copolymer ya butadiene ndi acrylonitrile. Mphira wa nitrile wopangidwa ndi hydrogen umapezeka mwa kuonjezera kapena pang'ono ma bond awiri mu butadiene ya NBR. Mphira wa nitrile wopangidwa ndi hydrogen umadziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamakina komanso kukana kukwiya, kukana kutentha kumakhala bwino kuposa NBR ikalumikizidwa ndi peroxide, ndipo zinthu zina ndizofanana ndi mphira wa nitrile. Kuipa kwa mphira wa nitrile wopangidwa ndi hydrogen ndi mtengo wake wapamwamba. Kutentha kwa mphira wa nitrile wopangidwa ndi hydrogen: pafupifupi -30℃~+150℃Mphira wa nitrile wothira hydrogenated umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu zotsekera zomwe sizimatentha kwambiri komanso sizimatentha kwambiri.
5. Rabala ya ethylene propylene
Rabala ya ethylene propylene ndi copolymer ya ethylene ndi propylene, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu awiri a yuan ethylene propylene ndi atatu a yuan ethylene propylene. Rabala ya ethylene-propylene imadziwika ndi kukana bwino kwa ozone, kukana kwa ultraviolet, kukana nyengo komanso kukana ukalamba, yomwe ili pamwamba pa ma rabala ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Rabala ya ethylene-propylene ili ndi kutchinjiriza kwabwino kwamagetsi, kukana mankhwala, kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu, kukana asidi ndi alkali, mphamvu yokoka yochepa, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito podzaza kwambiri. Kukana kutentha kumatha kufika madigiri 150.°C, ndipo imalimbana ndi zosungunulira za polar - ma ketone, ma ester, ndi zina zotero, koma rabara ya ethylene propylene silimbana ndi ma aliphatic hydrocarbons ndi ma hydrocarbons aromatic. Makhalidwe ena akuthupi ndi amakina a rabara ya ethylene propylene ndi otsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi rabara yachilengedwe ndipo ndi apamwamba kuposa rabara ya styrene butadiene. Kuipa kwa rabara ya ethylene-propylene ndikuti imakhala ndi kudziphatika koipa komanso kumamatirana, ndipo sikophweka kuigwirizanitsa. Kutentha kwa rabara ya ethylene propylene: pafupifupi -50℃~+150℃Mphira wa ethylene-propylene umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zipangizo zamagetsi, waya ndi chingwe, payipi ya nthunzi, lamba wonyamula katundu wosatentha, zinthu za mphira zamagalimoto ndi zinthu zina zamafakitale.
6. Rabala ya silikoni
Rabala ya silicone ndi rabala yapadera yokhala ndi maatomu a silicon ndi okosijeni mu unyolo waukulu. Silicon element imagwira ntchito yayikulu mu rabala ya silicone. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a rabala ya silicone ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 300).°C) ndi kukana kutentha kochepa (kotsika kwambiri -100°C). Pakadali pano ndi rabara yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri; nthawi yomweyo, rabara ya silicone ili ndi insulation yabwino kwambiri yamagetsi ndipo imakhazikika ku kutentha kwa okosijeni ndi ozoni. Ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yopanda mankhwala. Zoyipa za rabara ya silicone ndi mphamvu yochepa yamakina, kukana mafuta pang'ono, kukana zosungunulira, kukana asidi ndi alkali, zovuta kuwononga, komanso zodula kwambiri. Kutentha kwa rabara ya silicone: -60℃~+200℃Rabala ya silikoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zoteteza kutentha kwambiri (mapayipi, zisindikizo, ndi zina zotero), komanso zoteteza waya ndi chingwe zomwe sizitentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti si poizoni komanso sizikoma, rabala ya silikoni imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale azakudya ndi zamankhwala.
7. Rabala ya polyurethane
Rabala ya polyurethane ili ndi elastomer yopangidwa ndi polymerization ya polyester (kapena polyether) ndi diisocyanate compounds. Rabala ya polyurethane imadziwika ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kukwawa, komwe ndi kwabwino kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse ya rabala; rabala ya polyurethane ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kukana mafuta bwino. Rabala ya polyurethane imakhalanso yabwino kwambiri pakukana ozone, kukana ukalamba, komanso kukanikiza mpweya. Zoyipa za rabala ya polyurethane ndi kukana kutentha kochepa, kukana madzi ndi alkali pang'ono, komanso kukana kwa ma hydrocarbons aromatic, ma hydrocarbons a chlorinated, ndi zosungunulira monga ma ketones, ma esters, ndi ma alcohols. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe rabala ya polyurethane imagwiritsa ntchito: pafupifupi -30℃~+80℃Rabala ya polyurethane imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga matayala pafupi ndi ziwalo, ma gasket, zinthu zosagwedezeka, ma roller a rabala, ndi zinthu za rabala zosatha, zolimba komanso zosagwira mafuta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-07-2021
