1. Basic ndondomeko otaya
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale amakono, makamaka makampani opanga mankhwala, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a mphira, koma njira zawo zopangira ndizofanana.Kapangidwe kazinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku rabara yolimba (rabala yaiwisi) makamaka imaphatikizapo:
Kukonzekera zopangira → pulasitiki → kusakaniza → kupanga → vulcanization → kudula → kuyang'anira
2. Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo
Zida zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphira zimaphatikizanso mphira yaiwisi, ma compounding agents, fiber, ndi zitsulo.Pakati pawo, mphira yaiwisi ndi zinthu zofunika;Kuphatikizana ndi chinthu chothandizira chomwe chimawonjezeredwa kuti chiwongolere zinthu zina zamagulu a rabara;Zida za CHIKWANGWANI (thonje, nsalu, ubweya, ulusi wopanga zosiyanasiyana, ulusi wopangira) ndi zida zachitsulo (waya wachitsulo, waya wamkuwa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za mafupa a zinthu za mphira kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamakina ndikuchepetsa kusinthika kwazinthu.
Panthawi yokonzekera zopangira, zosakanizazo ziyenera kuyezedwa molondola molingana ndi ndondomekoyi.Kuti mphira yaiwisi ndi mankhwala ophatikizira azisakanizika mofanana, zida zina ziyenera kukonzedwa:
1. Basic ndondomeko otaya
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale amakono, makamaka makampani opanga mankhwala, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a mphira, koma njira zawo zopangira ndizofanana.Kapangidwe kazinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku rabara yolimba (rabala yaiwisi) makamaka imaphatikizapo:
Kukonzekera zakuthupi → pulasitiki → kusakaniza → kupanga → vulcanization → kupuma → kuyang'ana
2. Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo
Zida zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphira zimaphatikizanso mphira yaiwisi, ma compounding agents, fiber, ndi zitsulo.Pakati pawo, mphira yaiwisi ndi zinthu zofunika;Kuphatikizana ndi chinthu chothandizira chomwe chimawonjezeredwa kuti chiwongolere zinthu zina zamagulu a rabara;Zida za CHIKWANGWANI (thonje, nsalu, ubweya, ulusi wopanga zosiyanasiyana, ulusi wopangira) ndi zida zachitsulo (waya wachitsulo, waya wamkuwa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za mafupa a zinthu za mphira kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamakina ndikuchepetsa kusinthika kwazinthu.
Panthawi yokonzekera zopangira, zosakanizazo ziyenera kuyezedwa molondola molingana ndi ndondomekoyi.Kuti mphira yaiwisi ndi mankhwala ophatikizira azisakanizika mofanana, zida zina ziyenera kukonzedwa:
Labala yaiwisi iyenera kufewetsedwa m'chipinda chowumira cha 60-70 ℃ musanadulidwe ndikuthyoledwa muzidutswa tating'ono;
Block ngati zowonjezera monga parafini, stearic acid, rosin, etc. ayenera kuphwanyidwa;
Ngati ufa wa ufa uli ndi zonyansa zamakina kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono, uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuchotsedwa;
Zowonjezera zamadzimadzi (pine tar, coumarone) zimafuna kutentha, kusungunuka, madzi otuluka nthunzi, ndi zonyansa zosefera;
The compating wothandizira ayenera zouma, apo ayi sachedwa clumping ndipo sangathe wobalalika wobalalika pa kusakaniza, chifukwa thovu pa vulcanization ndi zimakhudza khalidwe mankhwala;
3. Kuyenga
Raba yaiwisi ndi zotanuka ndipo ilibe zinthu zofunika (pulasitiki) pokonza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukonza.Pofuna kukonza pulasitiki yake, m'pofunika kuyeretsa mphira yaiwisi;Mwa njira iyi, wothandizira osakaniza amamwazikana mosavuta mu rabara yaiwisi panthawi yosakaniza;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, panthawi yogubuduza ndi kupanga, zimathandizanso kupititsa patsogolo kutsekemera kwa mphira (kulowa mu nsalu ya fiber) ndi kupanga fluidity.Njira yowonongeka kwa mamolekyu aatali a rabara yaiwisi kuti apange pulasitiki amatchedwa plasticization.Pali njira ziwiri zoyenga mphira yaiwisi: kuyenga makina ndi kuyenga matenthedwe.Mechanical plasticizing ndi njira yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyu a mphira azitali zazitali ndikuwasintha kuchoka ku zotanuka kwambiri kupita ku pulasitiki kudzera mu kutulutsa kwamakina ndi kukangana kwa makina opangira pulasitiki pa kutentha kochepa.Thermoplastic refining ndi njira yokhazikitsira mpweya wotentha kwambiri mu rabara yaiwisi, yomwe, pansi pa kutentha ndi mpweya, imatsitsa ndikufupikitsa mamolekyu amtali wautali, motero amapeza pulasitiki.
4. Kusakaniza
Kuti mugwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito, kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mphira ndikuchepetsa mtengo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zina zowonjezera ku rabala yaiwisi.Kusakaniza ndi njira yosakaniza mphira yaiwisi ya pulasitiki ndi mankhwala ophatikizira ndikuyika mu chosakaniza cha mphira.Kupyolera mu kusanganikirana kwamakina, wothandizira wophatikizira amabalalika kwathunthu mu rabara yaiwisi.Kusakaniza ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu za rabara.Ngati kusakaniza sikuli yunifolomu, udindo wa mphira ndi zowonjezera sungagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya mankhwala.Zida za mphira zomwe zimapezedwa pambuyo posakanikirana, zomwe zimadziwika kuti mphira wosakanikirana, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mphira, zomwe zimadziwika kuti mphira.Nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ngati chinthu, ndipo ogula amatha kukonza ndi kuwononga zida za rabala kuti apange mphira wofunikira.Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana, mphira wosakanizidwa ali ndi mndandanda wamagulu osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yokhala ndi katundu wosiyana, kupereka zosankha.
5. Kupanga
Popanga zinthu za mphira, kugwiritsa ntchito makina ogubuduza kapena otulutsa kuti apange mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana kumatchedwa kuumba.Njira zopangira zikuphatikizapo:
Kupanga rolling ndikoyenera kupanga zinthu zosavuta zopanga mapepala ndi mbale.Ndi njira yosindikizira mphira wosakanizika mu mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kwa filimu kudzera mu makina ogudubuza, otchedwa rolling forming.Zinthu zina za labala (monga matayala, matepi, mapaipi, ndi zina zotero) zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zansalu zomwe zimakutidwa ndi zomatira zopyapyala (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zomatira kapena kupukuta pa ulusi), ndipo zokutira nthawi zambiri zimamalizidwa makina osindikizira.Zipangizo za ulusi zimayenera kuumitsidwa ndi kuyikidwa musanayambe kugudubuza.Cholinga cha kuyanika ndikuchepetsa chinyezi cha fiber (kupewa kutuluka ndi kutuluka thovu) ndikuwongolera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-09-2024
