NJIRA YOYERETSERA RABHA YA MPHILO YOSAKANIZA RABHA YA MTUNDU WOTCHUKA

N’chifukwa chiyani rabala iyenera kupangidwa ndi vulcanized? Kodi ubwino wa rabala yopangidwa ndi vulcanization ndi wotani?

Ngakhale kuti rabala yosaphika ya rabala ili ndi zinthu zina zothandiza zomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ilinso ndi zovuta zambiri, monga mphamvu yochepa komanso kusasinthasintha kochepa; Kuzizira kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba, yotentha imapangitsa kuti ikhale yomata; Yosavuta kukalamba, ndi zina zotero. Kale m'ma 1840, zidapezeka kuti rabala imatha kulumikizidwa ndi crosslinking poyitentha pamodzi ndi sulfure. Chifukwa chake, mpaka pano, ngakhale kuti rabala imatha kulumikizidwa osati ndi sulfure yokha, komanso ndi mankhwala ena ambiri olumikizirana ndi njira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, mumakampani opanga rabala, nthawi zonse zakhala zikudziwika kuti rabala yolumikizana ndi "vulcanization", pomwe makampani opanga pulasitiki nthawi zina amatchula crosslinking reaction ngati kuchiritsa. Vulcanization imawongolera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a rabala yosaphika, imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa rabala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyika maziko opanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito rabala m'mafakitale akuluakulu.

Kutulutsa mphira ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito zinthu za mphira, ndipo ndi gawo lomaliza lopangira zinthu za mphira. Munjira imeneyi, mphira imadutsa mu kusintha kwa mankhwala kovuta, kuyambira kusakaniza kwa pulasitiki kupita ku mphira wolimba kwambiri, kuti ipeze mawonekedwe athunthu, makina ndi mankhwala, ndikukweza ndikukulitsa phindu logwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa zipangizo za mphira. Chifukwa chake, kutulutsa mphira ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphira ndi zinthu zake.

Lingaliro la vulcanization

Vulcanization imatanthauza chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo za rabara zokhala ndi pulasitiki ndi kukhuthala kwina (rabala yaiwisi, pulasitiki, rabala yosakaniza) kudzera mu kukonza koyenera (monga kupotoza, kutulutsa, kuumba, ndi zina zotero) pansi pa zinthu zina zakunja, kudzera mu zinthu za mankhwala (monga dongosolo la vulcanization) kapena zinthu zakuthupi (monga γ Njira yosinthira mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala zinthu zofewa za rabala kapena zinthu zolimba za rabala kuti zigwire ntchito bwino. Panthawi ya vulcanization, zinthu zakunja (monga kutentha kapena kuwala) zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mankhwala pakati pa rabala yaiwisi mu zigawo za zinthu za rabala ndi chothandizira vulcanizing kapena pakati pa rabala yaiwisi ndi rabala yaiwisi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma macromolecule a rabala a mzere akhale ma macromolecule opangidwa ndi maukonde atatu.

Kudzera mu izi, makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a mphira asintha kwambiri, zomwe zathandiza kuti zinthu za mphira zipeze zinthu zakuthupi, zamakanika, ndi zina zomwe zingakwaniritse zosowa za zinthuzo. Chofunika kwambiri pa vulcanization ndi cross-linking, yomwe ndi njira yosinthira kapangidwe ka molekyulu ya mphira kukhala kapangidwe ka netiweki ya malo.

Njira yopangira sulfurization

Mukamaliza kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mphira wosakaniza ndi chotsukira, gawo lotsatira ndikuwonjezera chotsukira. Ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zotsatirazi kuti mumalize.

1. Choyamba, yeretsani mphero yotsegulira kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi yoyera kuti musakanize zinthu zina zodetsa. Kenako sinthani mtunda wozungulira wa mphero yotsegulira kuti ukhale wochepa kwambiri ndikutsanulira rabara yosakanikirana mu mphero yotsegulira kuti ipitirire pang'ono. Pambuyo poti mphero yocheperako yatha, mtunda wa mipukutu ya chosakanizira uyenera kukulitsidwa moyenera kuti zitsimikizire kuti rabara yosakanikirana yakulungidwa mofanana pa mipukutu. Kutentha kwa pamwamba pa rabara yosakanikirana kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 80oC.

2. Mwa kusintha mtunda wozungulira ndi kuziziritsa madzi moyenera, kutentha kwa rabala wosakaniza kumayendetsedwa pafupifupi 60-80 ° C. Pa nthawiyi, chogwirira ntchito chovulcanizing chimayamba kuwonjezeredwa ku rabala wosakaniza.